Temperature scaling of nanoscale silicon MOSFETs

Abstract
We have combined a 1D model of double-gate MOSFETs with ultrathin intrinsic channel, with a simple model of power consumption in digital integrated circuits, to calculate the temperature dependence of the minimum total (static + dynamic) power P and the optimal power supply voltage . The results are strongly dependent on the circuit speed assumptions. If the current trend of speed scaling with the critical size reduction is sustained, both P and saturate as soon as T is decreased below ~100 K. On the other hand, if the high speed condition is removed, transistors may operate in the subthreshold region and minimum value of P scales as T² while the optimum value of drops as T. This reduction is, however, limited by thermal fluctuations, leading to a different scaling, and , for low temperatures and/or large circuit densities. Because of this limitation, deep cooling of CMOS circuits may make sense only in very special cases.