Comparison of two transformation plasticity models, with and without kinematic hardening for bainitic transformation under non-proportional loading path

Abstract
This article deals with the multiphasic, anisothermal behaviour of 16MND5 steel under complex loading. We are focusing more specifically on the modelization of transformation plasticity induced by proportional or nonproportional biaxial loading during the bainitic transformation. A first part recalls Leblond's transformation plasticity model with or without hardening. We also describe the experimental setup used to get transformation plasticity tests under tension-torsion loadings. The last part deals with the TrIP models (with or without hardening) identification and their use for the nonproportional tests simulation.