Quantum efficiency and metastable lifetime measurements in ruby ( Cr 3+ : Al2O3) via lock-in rate-window photothermal radiometry A. Mandelis, Z. H. Chen et R. BleissJ. Phys. IV France, 04 C7 (1994) C7-401-C7-404DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1994794